Objectives
Heterogeneity of subsurface hydraulic properties controls groundwater flow and contaminant transport. However, the depositional processes which account for the creation of clastic aquifers are often neglected in hydrogeological modelling. Many existing methods for simulating subsurface heterogeneity do not honour depositional concepts, or cannot simulate heterogeneous bedding structures present in fluvial deposits.
Design and methodology
We have implemented a hierarchical modelling framework for simulating sedimentary deposits in the Hydrogeological Virtual Realities (HyVR) simulation package. The package uses an object-based modelling approach to model hydraulic parameter fields with multiple scales of heterogeneity.
Outputs
HyVR outputs are three-dimensional parameter fields that can include hydraulic conductivity, porosity, anisotropic ratios, and bedding parameters (dip and azimuth). The last three parameters can be used to simulate hydraulic anisotropy through rotation of full hydraulic conductivity tensors. HyVR has been designed with the groundwater modeller in mind, and as such, simulation outputs can be used in forward flow-and-transport numerical modelling tools (e.g., MODFLOW), allowing qualitative geological concepts to be tested in quantitative hydrogeological models.
Conclusion
HyVR (https://github.com/driftingtides/hyvr) is an openly available Python module that is comprehensively documented (https://driftingtides.github.io/hyvr/), for ease of use. It allows hydrogeological researchers to develop object-based models for use in standard groundwater modelling software. It forms an open codebase that can be further extended and developed by the hydrogeological community.